Add ethanol (to dissolve the organic halide), then aqueous silver nitrate. Warm gently.
Both reactions start with the same halogenoalkane and a base/nucleophile (e.g., OH⁻). The outcome depends on: reactions of halogenoalkanes 1 chemsheets answers exclusive
Potassium cyanide (KCN) dissolved in ethanol/water mixture. The Product: Nitrile (alkanenitrile). The Mechanism: Nucleophilic substitution (typically SN2). Add ethanol (to dissolve the organic halide), then
| Halogenoalkane | Precipitate Color | Rate of Precipitation | Bond Enthalpy (C-X) | |---|---|---|---| | Fluoroalkane | No precipitate (AgF soluble) | Very slow (usually not seen) | Very high (484 kJ/mol) | | Chloroalkane | White (AgCl) | Slow (minutes, needs warming) | 338 kJ/mol | | Bromoalkane | Cream (AgBr) | Faster (seconds to minutes) | 276 kJ/mol | | Iodoalkane | Yellow (AgI) | Instant (room temperature) | 238 kJ/mol | The outcome depends on: Potassium cyanide (KCN) dissolved
“1-bromopropane is heated with NaOH(aq) and separately with NaOH in ethanol. State the major product in each case and explain.”